The mohorovicic discontinuity marks the boundary between the outer core and inner core. Divergent boundaries where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. American atlantic coast active margins divergent plate boundaries. A simplified model of plate tectonics showing types of lithospheric plate boundaries. Movement of the earths crust creates earthquake activity and in some places great outpourings of lava extrude onto the surface. Basins can be described instead in terms of the type of substratum beneath the basin, the proximity of the basin to a plate margin, and the type of plate juncture nearest to the basin. This 15mark quiz includes questions about the basics of plate tectonics as well as the three types of plate tectonic boundaries.
A convergent plate boundary is when two or more tectonic plates come together and collide. Tectonic plates and their boundaries world in maps. Along the boundary of the earths tectonic plates a fiery drama of catastrophic proportions is played out. The distribution of volcanic hazards in relation to plate boundaries. Wide zones of deformation are usually characteristic of plate boundaries because of the interaction between two plates. Plate tectonic theory is based on an understanding of the earths internal structure, the different types of tectonic plates and plate boundaries, and the driving. Oceanic lithosphere forms at divergent plate boundaries through.
Types of tectonic plate boundaries include divergent, convergent, and metamorphic. Tectonic activity associated with each type of plate boundary the distribution of volcanic hazards in relation to plate boundaries. The type of crust on each plate determines the geologic behavior of the boundary figure 1. The idea of plate tectonics became widely accepted around 1965 as more and more geologists started thinking in these terms. You will notice that the margins of the plates are very irregular and that the boundaries of the plates fit together similarly to a jigsaw puzzle. The current model types of plate boundaries passive margin n. Identify types of plate boundaries and compare their characteristic earthquake and volcanic activities. There is no collision at a constructive plate margin. Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes. Feb 11, 2020 there are three types of tectonic plate boundaries. Assess the basic lines of evidence supporting plate tectonics. Depending on how the plates move relative to each other where they touch, plate margins are classified as one of three types divergent, convergent and transform. This theory was amalgamated from a variety of studies that began in the early 20th. Earths tectonic plates move in much the same way as you can move these books.
Convergent boundaries, where two plates are moving toward each other, are of three types, depending on the type of crust present on either side of the boundary. True or false students are asked to correct false statements 6 marks 3. There are two types of divergent boundaries, categorized by where they occur. Make a layered book to organize your notes on the three types of plate boundaries. The types are oceanocean, oceancontinent, and continentcontinent. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Feb 28, 2017 this type of plate margin occurs when the two plates are moving away from each other, i. Investigating different types of plate boundaries and. Tectonic plate boundaries mini book with notes this accordion style mini book is easy to assemble and provides space for students to take notes on convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. Students will create a frayer model foldable which will help them understand the three types of plate boundaries. Connect different types of plate movement with earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges.
The tectonic plates are pieces of the lithosphere that move relative to each other over the surface of earth. Geologic structures and plate tectonics physical geology. Geological archive of the onset of plate tectonics ncbi nih. At divergent boundaries, sometimes called constructive boundaries, lithospheric plates move away from each other. The contrasts in relative plate motion at the different plate boundary types give rise to. In places where the plates slide past each other, the boundary is known as a transform boundary. The bold arrows on the plates indicate their relative motion. The process of drawing a picture involves students much more deeply than reading or discussion. The next time you teach plate tectonics, consider a drawwithme presentation that will engage your students and help them understand the spatial and movement aspects of plate boundary environments.
The continents moved away from one another as parts of different tectonic plates. Destructive plate boundaries involving oceanic lithosphere can maintain. Students can also label and color the accompanying images. In places where plates move toward each other, the boundary is known as convergent. Plate tectonics plate tectonics is a unifying theory that states that the earth is composed of lithospheric crustal plates that move slowly, change size, and interact with one another. Price, 1999, grand canyon association, grand canyon, arizona. More felsic magmas, such as andesites and rhyolites, are associated with the edges of continental crust at subduction zones along converging plate boundaries. In a simplified plate tectonic model, plate interaction can be placed in one of three categories. One type of plate boundary is a convergent plate boundary. Midocean ridges formation of oceanic plates rift valleys gulf of california, rio grande valley, red sea, east africa. Plate tectonic boundaries are often associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity, and by looking at maps for the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes around the world figures 1. Aug 11, 2020 many earth processes make more sense when viewed through the lens of plate tectonics. Types of plate margins 1 divergent, 2 convergent and 3 transform. Much of what we know about the interior structure of the earth is based on seismic studies.
Volcanoes are not as a rule found where two plates made up of continental crust collide or at conservative boundaries. The major plates are eurasia, pacific, india, australia, north america, south america, africa, and antarctic. Igneous rocks and plate tectonics mafic basaltic and ultramafic magmas form along the divergent midoceanic ridges and are major components of new oceanic crust. Teaching plate tectonics with easytodraw illustrations. Convergent plate boundaries are destructive boundaries because one plate and its crust are recycled. The scientific community quickly accepted the theory because of all the evidence and discoveries. Continental crust may extend far beyond the margins of the landmass. There are three types of plate boundaries since there are three ways that plates can meet. One will subducted and other one will form island arc. A sea trench is a long deep valley along an ocean floor. Plate tectonics anchor charts geology astronomy plates teacher stuff image search science school. As such, the chapter is meant as a basis for all following chapters. Jun 12, 2012 the three types of plate tectonics are. The geosynclinal terminology used prior to the advent of plate tectonics is inadequate to describe fully the plate tectonic settings of sedimentary basins.
Modified from an introduction to grand canyon geology, by l. Modern plate reconstructions are constructed in digital models that capture the kinematics of plate motions and the evolution of plate boundaries and. We already investigated the topography of plate boundaries in a previous chapter. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries. At a conservative plate margin, the plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds. A plate margin is just the edge of a tectonic plate. In 1962, a classic paper written by harry hess a geologist and navy submarine commander during world war ii who described that the continents did not plow through the oceanic crust as proposed by wegeners 1915 continental drift theory, but instead.
The three types of plate boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. Continental rift zones occur in weak spots in the continental lithospheric plate. The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which ride on the. Heres a short description of the 3 types of plate tectonics. By the end of 1967, earths surface had been mapped into a series of plates figure 4. Animated representations of the different types of tectonic plate boundaries. Charles darwins book on evolution, on the origin of species, published in 1859.
The map shows types of plate boundaries around the world and movement. As the unifying theory in earth sciences, plate tectonics forms a crucial framework in understanding the geological record. The impact of the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to buckle up into a mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench. It covers the 3 types of plate tectonic boundaries. Detailed map of all known plates, their boundaries, and movements. Geography form five plate tectonic theory msomi bora. Because it is so important in understanding how the world works, plate tectonics is the first topic of discussion in this textbook. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the. In places where plates move apart, the boundary is known as divergent. Plate boundaries and driving mechanisms sciencedirect. Plate boundaries are found at the edge of the lithospheric plates and are of three types, convergent, divergent and conservative. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma molten rock. The plate tectonics theory modelled the relative movements of the tectonic plates.
It is located where ocean temperature is the highest. When the seafloor spreads at a midocean ridge, lava erupts. Note the elevation of the continental crust is higher than oceanic crust. Oceans are born and grow wider where plates diverge or pull apart. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent plate boundaries and powerful earthquakes are common along these boundaries. Igneous rocks and plate tectonics book summaries, test. What are the different types of plate tectonic boundaries. The lithosphere includes continental crust, oceanic crust, and the uppermost part of the mantle. Interpret the type of plate boundary based upon motion shown in crosssectional or map view. Destructive, constructive and conservative plate margins. Earlier on, however, these valleys and ridges were interpreted by all kinds of.
Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary. Plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth. The earth is the only planet known to currently have plate tectonics. Where tectonic plates touch, they form what are called plate boundaries. Blue indicates ocean, green indicates land, brown indicates the lithosphere, and orange is the asthenosphere. It was set up to give a global explanation to the sea floor spreading and the seismicity of the oceanic trenches. Divergent plate boundarypassive continental margins geology. Act out some plate boundaries, while you are at it. Volcanic activity is located mainly along plate margins. A second type of plate boundary is divergent plate boundary. In this book, he proposed the breakup of a previous supercontinent now called. It is located where the major ocean currents meet d. Convergent plate margins are those where two plates of varying densities move toward each other.
Tectonic plate boundaries geography essays essaysauce. As the plates move, friction occurs and plates become stuck. Types of plate boundaries destructive boundary also known as convergent boundary crust involved continental and oceanic crust movement of plates. Jun 18, 2018 the theory of plate tectonic can help to explain almost all of the landforms on the surface of the earth. A continental margin is not the same thing as a plate margin.
The oceanic crust, continental crust, and lithospheric mantle make up the tectonic plates. At divergent boundaries new crust is created as wo or more plates pull away from each other. These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries. Watch this video to learn about plate tectonic stresses and types. Volcanoes do however sometimes occur away from the edges of plates where a hotspot occurs in the earths mantle. Divergent plate margins are those where two plates move horizontally away from one another. The lithosphere is broken up into what are called tectonic plates in the case of earth, there are seven major and many minor plates see list below. There are three main types of boundaries between plates. The reason why it is called a constructive plate margin, is because as the two plates move away from each other, magma below the surface starts to. A continental margin is the edge of a continent rather than the edge of a plate. Mar 25, 2020 there are three types of plate boundaries. Tectonic activity associated with each type of plate boundary. Divergent plate boundaries are where two plates move apart from each other.
Divergent boundaries can occur in the ocean, at midocean ridges, or on the continents where they form continental rift zones. Pdf introduction to plate boundaries and natural hazards. The point where two or more plates meet is known as a plate boundary. Motion at plate boundaries physical geology laboratory. The areas where these plates meet are known as plate boundaries. This foldable will require students to define the target vocabulary word, write the essential characteristics of the vocabulary word, d. Jan 17, 2021 the types of plate tectonic boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform conservative. At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives subducts beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. Nov, 20 these plates and the more numerous minor plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries. Scientists are not sure what causes these hot spots but we do know that as the overlying plate moves over the hotspot a volcano is formed. Plate tectonics deal with the movement and characteristics of different plates that constitute the earths outer surface. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the largescale motion of the plates making up. When two plates move towards each other, the boundary is.
Transform tissue convergent divergent plate boundaries key concept check 5. Divergent plate boundarypassive continental margins. The earths lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly over time a divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Online shopping for plate tectonics from a great selection at books store. Global plate tectonic map illustrating the major tectonic plates, their velocities in cmyr, and the major plate boundaries.
There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries. Plate tectonics formidable forces hong kong geology. Reread the section on plate boundaries before answering the following questions. Feb 11, 2020 in a plate tectonic framework, the area spanned the continental shelf and coastal plain of an ancient passive continental margin. This is a 4 four page flip book that students can create that can fit into a science interactive notebook. A single plate is usually rimmed by more than one type of plate margin. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma molten rock rises from the earths mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust. The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries. Determine the type of plate boundary based upon a crosssection of topography and bathymetry. Watch this video to learn about plate tectonic stresses and types of deformation. Get moving with some friends to understand how the hawaiian islands were formed. It is at these locations where earthquakes, volcanoes and fold mountain form.
The type of plate boundary and the type of crust found on each side of the boundary determines what sort of geologic activity will be found there. As summarized in chapter 3, magma is formed at three main platetectonic settings. The three boundaries are characterized by their distinct motions. It is located at the boundaries of tectonic plates c. The types of plate tectonic boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform conservative. Divergent plate boundaries are commonly associated with shallow earthquakes. The outer shell of the earth is composed of several plates, which are still moving and changing the configuration of the outer shell of the earth, the plate tectonics theorizes all these aspects very intensively and provides a view how the. Each boundary serves a different purpose, and mountains are also the result of activity on these boundaries. Divergent plate boundaries a divergent plate boundary forms where two tectonic plates separate. A location where continental lithosphere transitions into the oceanic lithosphere without movement is known as a passive margin e. Plate tectonics objectives after this lesson, students will be able to f. Midocean ridges are located along divergent plate boundaries. T or f there are only two types of convergent boundaries.
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